ACHENWALL, GOTTFRIED, economist and statistician, born in 1719 at Elbing in West Prussia, died in 1772 at Gottingen, where he was a professor in the university. He was author of Staalsklugheit neck ihren ersten Grundsatzen, 1761, a work in which, as ROWDIER remarks, description greatly preponderates over criticism. He belongs to the same school as Juan, namely, that of the moderate mercantilists. It is in the history of statistics more than in connection with economics that he holds a really high place ; the Germans indeed sometimes call him the Father of Statistics, strangely ignoring the claims of PETTY and other earlier writers. The work by which he is known in this department is his Staatsverfassung der heuligen vornehmsten Europaischen Reiche, 1752. There is prefixed to this treatise an introduction on statistics in general, in which he seeks to determine accurately the province of the study, and to distinguish it clearly from other kindred branches of research. In the body of the work he gives a view of the constitutions of the several states of Europe, and describes the condition of their agriculture, manufactures, and oommerce, often supplying numerical details in relation to these subjects. He seems to have been the first to use the German word Statistik ; the Latin adjective Statisticus is found in the title of a book by a German publicist, known as Helenus Politanus Nat. Ode, in Deutschland, p. 466). .1. K. I.