This drive, in fact, has linked up with a second and perhaps even more powerful urge—the desire for independence and equal status in international affairs. To be free in a formal sense is no longer enough for those who have already acquired political independence. To be economically dependent upon powerful industrial nations is resented in some instances by underdeveloped countries almost as deeply as the political aspects of colonialism.
Diversification of the economy and, especially, industrialization are seen as a means to reduce this dependence. The urge towards economic development is thus grounded in some of the most dynamic aspirations at large in the world. Hence, we should not be surprised by the nearreligious fervor with which it is supported in areas where many people believe, rightly or wrongly, that they have been denied an equality of opportunity in the past by bad fortune or perhaps even intentionally.
No wonder, then, that a country's attitude towards economic development has come to be regarded in underdeveloped countries as a touchstone of its identification with their needs and aspirations. The advanced industrial nations, already under a cloud on account of their accumulated wealth, are alternatively suspected of neglect and of ulterior motives. Russia by contrast postures as a newcomer who pulled himself up by his own bootstraps and who is therefore capable of the best disinterested advice. No matter how historically false the claim and how frightful the cost of the prescription—the example looks attractive to many.
The degree of identification with the development goals of the underdeveloped countries has thus become an outstanding issue in international politics. Moreover, much more than sympathy and interest is expected from the industrial nations. Economic development requires resources which are scarce in underdeveloped areas—financial, technical, managerial, and administrative. These countries are therefore lookirig to those more advanced for trade and assistance in many guises. However, since such dynamic aspirations are involved, decisions to give or withhold cooperation symbolize much more than the material contribution in question.
The crucial ingredient is an evidence of identification with what these people want most—a better life, greater economic security and independence, and a respected place in the family of nations.
To cooperate or to deny—down to the last detail of negotiation and implementation—the issue is loaded with the emotional impact of those strong desires.
Thus political implications of truly explosive potency have been superimposed on economic issues. When it comes to discussing policies and programs, it may be well to bear in mind that they involve the international manifestations of the most fundamental human aspirations in the world today.