OTHER PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST Cross-ties are cut chiefly from oak, yellow pine, Douglas fir, cedar, chestnut, cypress, tamarack, hemlock, Western pine, and redwood, in the order named, with 70 per cent of the total supplied by oak, yellow pine, and Douglas fir. Spruce, hemlock, and poplar form the leading pulpwoods. Slack barrel staves and heads are chiefly made from red gum, yellow pine, beech, elm, and maple; hoops, from elm; tight barrel staves and heads, from white oak. Two-thirds of the telephone and electric poles are of cedar, and the rest chiefly chestnut, oak, pine, and cypress. Wood alcohol is made by the destructive distillation of birch, beech, and maple; turpentine and rosin, by tapping longleaf pine trees and the distillation of the wood; and tannin is obtained from hemlock and oak bark and chestnut wood.