PINE - COMMERCIAL WOOD The pines are found to some extent in almost every forest region, and, in total number of species, are as numerous as the oaks. They furnish nearly half of the annual lumber supply.
There are two large groups of pines, as there are two main groups of oaks. These are the white pines and the yellow pines. Aside from the common white pine (Pines strobus), of which more lumber has so far been manufactured than of any other species in the United States, other important members of the white pine family are Western white pine (Pinus monticola), which is most abundant in western Montana and northern Idaho ; and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), of the Sierra region of California and southern Oregon.
In the yellow pine group are longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and Cuban pine (Pinus heterophylla), of the South; pitch pine (Pinus rigida), which occurs both north and south in the Eastern States; Norway or red pine (Pinus resinosa), of New England and the Lake States ; jack pine (Pinus divaricata), of the Lake States; lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), of the Rocky Mountain region; and Western. yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa), from the Black Hills to the Pacific Coast.
There are so many trade names applied to the pines without distinction of species that the reader is often confused. Much of the Southern pine goes to market simply as yellow pine ; but the loblolly pine of the North Carolina-Virginia district is called "North Carolina pine," while "Georgia pine" is a time-honored term for the longleaf pine of that State. "Arkansas soft pine" is a trade designation for the shortleaf pine of Arkansas. Some of the white pine and Norway pine in the Lake States is sold under the common name of "Northern pine." Western yellow pine is marketed under a variety Table 07 Factory Uses of Pine White PINE Purpose Per CentMill Work 49 Boxes and Crates 36 Car Construction 2 Matches 2 Rollers, Shade and Map 2 Woodenware, Novelties, etc. 1 Caskets and Coffins 1 Other Uses 7 Total 100Southern YELLOW PINE 'Mill Work 75 Boxes and Crates. 12 Car Construction 8 Agricultural Implements 1 Other Uses 4 Total 100Sugar PINE Mill Work . 56 Boxes and Crates 40 Musical Instruments 2 Other Uses 3 Total 100Western YELLOW PINE Boxes and Crates. 51 Mill Work 47 Other Uses 2 Total 100of names; but the most common designation, aside from "California white pine," is simply "Western pine," the term applied in the Montana-Idaho-Washington region.
As will be seen from the comparisons in the chapter on properties of wood, the weight, strength, stiffness, and toughness of the pines are as varied as are the numerous species. The white pines are light in weight, soft, evengrained, and easily worked, being in this respect much like the spruces and cedars. Longleaf pine is the heaviest, hardest, strongest, stiffest, and toughest softwood, and, in these properties, ranks ahead of a number of the hardwoods. Between white pine and longleaf pine, the other pines offer almost every gradation in properties.
All of the pines are largely in demand for general building purposes. In addition to these, the statistical reports furnish the data summarized in Table 97 as to the factory uses of white pine, sugar pine, Western pine, and Southern yellow pine, the latter being made without reference to species.
The varied usefulness of the pines is still further indicated by reports of their consumption in the manufacture of the following articles: White PINE Agricultural implements Automobile bodies Actions (organ) Balusters (porch) Actions (piano) Barrel-starchers (laundry) Actions (piano players) Beehives • Bellows (blacksmith) Feed mills Bellows (reed organs) Fixtures (barroom) Blinds Fixtures (soda fountain) Boat parts (row) Flooring (motor boats) Bookcases (inside) Foundry flasks Bottoms (wagon boxes) Frames (couches) Bottoms (water tanks) Frames (davenports) Boxes Frames (lounges) Boxes (organ) Freight cars Boxes (piano) Furniture (inside) Boxes (yeast) Girdles Box shooks Grain doors Brackets (cornice) Grain elevators Brackets (porch) Horizontal folding doors Brooders (poultry) Incubators Buckets Insulation (Ry. refrigerator Cabin parts (boats) cars) Cabinet work (unexposed) Interior finish Capitals Keys (piano) Cases (beer bottles) Kitchen cabinets Cases (milk bottles) Ladders Cases (railroad tickets) Launch parts Cases (piano parts) Laundry machines Caskets (hydraulic) Casting patterns Linings (Ry. box cars) Chests (organ) Log-car templates China cases (inside work) Matches Clocks Molding Coffins Office fixtures Columns (porch) Pails Coops (poultry) Passenger cars Covers (door panels) Patterns Cores (tin-clad doors) Pharmaceutical packing oases Cornices Picture frames Corn shellers Planking (boats) Couches (box) Porch columns Crating Portable farm forges Cupolas (foundry) Pumps Deadwood (tank towers) Refrigerators Desks (tank towers) Saddlery cutting boards Door frames Sash Doors Shredders Elevator guide posts Siding Elevattir platforms afros Steam-pipe casing Washing machines Tanks Water pipes Threshers Weighers Tobacco cases Windmills Track levels, railroad Windmill tanks Traction engines Window frames Trunks Win dstackers Tubs Woodenware Norway PINE Agricultural implements Hay presses Automobile blocking Interior finish Baskets Kegs for cattle powder Bed slats Ladders Beehives Lard buckets Boat decking Log cars Boat keels Machine decking Boat planking Patterns Boat sheathing Piano ribs Boxes Piano players Brackets Porch work Candy buckets Portable farm forges Ceiling Putty kegs Cornice Sash Cornshellers Sawmill frames Crates Separators Derricks Shade rollers Doors Signs Dump cars Silos Extension ladders Swings Fish kits Templets Flasks Threshing machines Flooring Wagon beds Frames Wardrobes Freight cars Windmill platforms Furniture Window frames Grass seeders Longleaf PINE Awning frames Beds (coal wagons) Balusters Binder parts Baseboards Boat decking Bases (gasoline engines) Bottoms (heavy vehicles) Bottoms (light vehicles) Eveners (harrows) Boxboards (dump carts) Feed mills Boxboards (wagons) Finish (boats) Boxes Fixtures (laboratory) Box shooks Fixtures (office, cafe) Brackets (cornice) Flag poles Brackets (interior trimmings) Flasks Brackets (porch) Flooring Cabinets (dental) Flooring (freight cars) Cabinets (jewelry) Flooring (railway refrigerator Cabinets (toilet) cars) Cabinet work Flooring (scale platforms) Capitals Frames (box cars) Car sills Frames (motor boat hulls) Cases (china) Frost boxes (windmills) Cases (medicine) Gears (heavy wagons) Casing Grain elevators Ceiling Grille work Climbing poles (gymnasium) Hand cars Cold storage rooms Handrails (stairwork) Colonnades Hayloader parts Columns (porch) Hay presses Consoles Hayracks Cores (veneer doors) Hayrake parts Cores (veneer panels) Head blocks (tank cars) Corn husker parts Header parts Corn pickers Hydraulic jacks (parts) Cotton pickers Ice boxes Covers (water tanks) Interior finish Cradles (tank cars) Ladders (extension) Cranes (flooring) Ladders (step) Crating Lawn swings Cultivator parts Linings (box cars) Decking (freight cars) Linings (incubator bodies) Decks (boats) Mantels Derrick beams Moldings (interior finish) Disc harrow parts Neck yokes Display racks (rugs) Needle beams (railway car Door frames frames) Doors Newels (stairwork) Doors (railway box cars) Ornaments (furniture) Drill boxes (farm implements) Panels (veneered) Elevator guide posts Passenger cars (frames) Elevators 11831406 (interior work) Pickets (fence) Silos Picture moldings Skids (engine) Platforms (tank towers) Slats (railway cattle cars) Plow parts (gang) Stacker parts (farm Poles (farm implements) machinery) Poles (wagons) Steps (stairwork) Posts (stairwork) Stringers (railway cars) Pump rods (windmills) Sulky plow parts Railway motor car parts Sweeps (feed mills) Railway push cars Sweeps (water tanks) Refrigerators Tackle blocks Risers (stairwork) Tanks (acid) Road machinery Tent poles Road tools Threshing machines Roofing (box cars) Tobacco cases Screen doors Tongues (binders) Seats (water closets) Tongues (cotton planters) Seed-corn driers Tongues (manure spreaders) Seeder boxes (farm Tongues (plows and implements) cultivators) Shoveling boards (farm Tongues (wagons) wagons) Wagon dumps Sideboards (built in) Wainscoting Side plates (railway freight Washing machines (hand) cars) Washing machines Siding (box cars) (hydraulic) Signboards Well-digging machines Signs (advertising) Window frames Sills (railway cars) Windmills Loblolly PINE Agricultural implements Car siding Balusters Casing Baseboards Ceiling Basket Bottoms Clapboards Blinds Coffins Boat construction Conduits Boxes Cornices Boxes (coffee) Crating Boxes (dry goods) Cross-arms Box shooks Decking (freight cars) Cabbage crates Doors Cabinets Door frames Car Dunnage (freight cars) Excelsior Refrigerators Fixtures Roofers Furniture backs Sample cases Furniture (veneer cores) Sash Flooring Screens (door) Flooring (factory) Screens (window) Flooring (freight car) Siding Grain doors Siding (freight cars) Interior trim (house) Silos Kitchen cabinets Stair rails Ladders Stairways Landing posts Store fronts Lining (freight cars) Tanks Moldings Trunk boxes Newel posts Vehicles Outer cases (casket) Wagon panels Panels (furniture sides) Wardrobes Partition Window frames Pilasters Wire reels Poultry, coop (bottoms) Woodenware Western white pine, sugar pine, and much of the Western yellow pine are used for the same general purposes as Eastern white pine. The
first two are true white pines, while the sapwood of the Western yellow pine resembles white pine in several respects.
The uses of shortleaf pine are as numerous and diversified as those listed for longleaf and loblolly pine.