ALEXANDER II. (i 198-1249), ldng of Scotland, son of William the Lion, whom he succeeded in 1214. He joined the English barons in their struggle against King John, marched into England and besieged Norham Castle in 1215. In 1217 he again invaded„ England but eventually made peace with Henry III., and the understanding was strengthened by his marriage with Henry's sister, Joanna, in 1221.
Peace with England was broken over a claim by Henry for homage from the Scottish king, and again by a threat of invasion in 1243, but both disputes were amicably settled. Alexander attempted to reduce the Western Isles, which were dependent on Norway, as he had already reduced Argyll, but while on an expedition for the purpose he died at Kerrera July 8, 1249.