ALGARVE or the ALGARVES, ancient kingdom and prov ince in the extreme south of Portugal, corresponding with the modern administrative district of Faro, and bounded on the north by Alentejo, east by the Spanish province of Huelva, and south and west by the Atlantic ocean. Population (192o) 268,294; area square miles. The province is about 85 m. from east to west; 22 m. from north to south. The Serra de Malhao and the Serra de Monchique extend in the form of a crescent across the northern part of the province, and sweep round to the lofty prom ontory of Cape St. Vincent, the south-west extremity of Europe. This headland is famous as the scene of many sea-fights, notably the defeat of the Spanish fleet by the British in Feb. 1797. The coast is fringed for 3o m. from Quarteira to Tavira, with long sandy islands, through which there are six passages, the most im portant being the Barra Nova, between Faro and Olhao. The navigable estuary of the Guadiana divides Algarve from Huelva, and its tributaries water the western districts. From the Serra de Malhao flow the Silves and Odelouca, which unite and enter the Atlantic below the ancient town of Silves. The level country along the southern coast produces grapes, figs, oranges, lemons, olives, almonds, aloes, and even plantains and dates. The principal exports are dried fruit, wine, salt, tunny, sardines and anchovies. The only railway is the Lisbon-Faro main line, which passes north-eastward from Faro, between the Monchique and Malhao ranges. The name of Algarve is derived from the Arabic, and signifies a land lying to the west. The title "king of Algarve," held by the kings of Portugal, was first assumed by Alphonso III., who captured Algarve from the Moors in