GANDO, an emirate of British West Africa, in the N.W. part of the protectorate of Nigeria, and west of the Niger river. The state was established, c. 1819, on the death of Othman Dan Fodio, the founder of the Fula empire, and its area and importance varied considerably during the 19th century, several of the Fula emirates being regarded as tributaries, while Gando itself was more or less dependent on Sokoto. Gando in the middle of the century in cluded both banks of the Niger at least as far north-west as Say. The districts outside the British protectorate now belong to France. Treaty relations with the British were entered into in 1884 and in 1903 the part assigned to the British sphere by agreement with France came definitely under the control of the administration in Nigeria. Gando is now included in the province of Sokoto. The chief town is Gando, situated on the Sokoto, the first considerable affluent of the Niger from the east, about 6o m. S.W. of the town of Sokoto.