GOLUCHOWSKI, the name of an ancient family of Polish aristocracy, two members of which played an important part in Austrian politics. Count AGENOR GOLUCHOWSKI, the elder 75), studied at Lemberg, served in the Galician Statthalterei under Stadion, and did excellent work on the Galician agrarian reform of 1847. In Nov. 1848 he became a member of Schwarzenberg's cabinet and was governor of Galicia, 1848-59, 1866-68 and 1871 75. From 1859-61 he was Austrian minister of the interior, during which period he secured for Galicia a degree of atbtonomy not enjoyed by any other Austrian crownland, while as governor of Galicia he secured the introduction of Polish as official language. He was the principal author of the federalist "October Diploma" of 186o (see AUSTRIA). An excellent administrator, Goluchowski transformed the policy of the Austrian Poles from romantic revo lutionism to their eminently successful later policy of co-opera tion with the Austrian Government in return for national concessions in Galicia, and was thus one of the true forerunners of Polish independence.
His son AGENOR GOLUCHOWSKI, the younger (1849-192I) was born on March 25, 1849, entered the Austro-Hungarian diplo matic service, served in Berlin, Paris and Budapest and became Austro-Hungarian minister of foreign affairs in May 1895. The appointment caused surprise, but Goluchowski enjoyed Francis Joseph's personal confidence, and his policy was peaceable and practical, and generally conducted with an eye on economic necessities. In particular he showed a conciliatory spirit towards Russia for which he was often blamed by more bellicose spirits. He was author of the Austro-Russian agreement of 1897, which temporarily ended the two Powers' rivalry in the Balkans and of the Macedonian reform plans of 1902 and 1903 (Miirzsteg pro gramme). At the same time, he contrived to pacify Italy's fears by guaranteeing the status quo (1898) and stood loyally by the German alliance. It was to Goluchowski that the German em peror William II. addressed the famous telegram after Algeciras, saying that he had proved a "brilliant second" and could rely on the Imperial gratitude—a promise redeemed to Goluchowski's more aggressive successor, Aerenthal, in 1908. As a Pole and a Slav, Goluchowski was unpopular with the Magyars who be lieved him to be inspiring Francis Joseph's opposition to the use of Magyar in the army. He resigned office on Oct. II, 1906, to ease the crisis in Hungary and did not return to office. He died in Lemberg on March 29, 1921. (C. A. M.)