GASPARRI, PIETRO (1852-1934), Italian cardinal, was born at Capovalazza de Ussita on May 5, 1852. He received the degree of doctor of philosophy, theology and canonical law after study at the pontificate seminary at Rome, and from 188o to 1898 was professor of canonical law at the Catholic Institute in Paris. In 1904 Pius X., having decided to codify the canonical law, con fided to Gasparri the direction of the work. In 19o7 he was made cardinal and in Oct. 1914 Benedict XV. appointed him secretary of state, which office he held throughout the arduous World War period and the almost equally strenuous reconstruction period which followed. He was retained by Pius XI. and in 1926 began negotiations which resulted in the Vatican Treaty. He resigned Jan. 193o, and was succeeded by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli.