GREENWOOD, FREDERICK (183o-1909), an English journalist and man of letters, was born in London. In 1862, when Thackeray resigned the editorship of the Cornhill, Greenwood became joint editor with G. H. Lewes. In 1864 he was appointed sole editor, a post which he held until 1868. Greenwood then conceived the idea of an evening newspaper, which, in addition to the news, should contain authoritative and impartial articles by outside contributors on literature, art and public affairs. Can ning's Anti-Jacobin and the Saturday Review of 1864 were the joint models he had before him. The idea was taken up by George Smith, and the Pall Mall Gazette was launched in Feb. 1865, with Greenwood as editor. Within a few years he had come to exercise a great influence on public affairs. His views ripened from what was described as philosophic Liberalism into Conserva tism. No minister in Great Britain, Gladstone declared, ever had a more able, a more zealous, a more effective supporter for his policy than Lord Beaconsfield had in Greenwood. It was on the suggestion of Greenwood that Beaconsfield purchased in 1875 the Suez canal shares of the Khedive Ismail; the British Government being ignorant, until informed by Greenwood, that the shares were for sale and likely to be bought by France. It was char acteristic of Greenwood that he declined to publish the news of the purchase of the shares in the Pall Mall before the official announcement was made.
Early in 1880 the Pall Mall changed owners, and the new pro prietor required it to support Liberal policy. Greenwood at once resigned his editorship, but in May a new paper, the St. James's Gazette, was started for him by Henry Hucks Gibbs (afterwards Lord Aldenham), and in the new paper Greenwood was a pungent critic of the Gladstone administration (188o-85) and an independ ent supporter of Lord Salisbury. His connection with the St. James's Gazette ceased in Aug. 1888, when the paper changed hands. The Anti-Jacobin, which he started in 1891, lasted for only a year. Greenwood continued to write on political and social ques tions in various papers. Towards the end of his life his political views reverted in some respects to the Liberalism of his early days. He died at Sydenham on Dec. 14, 1909.