GREATHEAD, JAMES HENRY British engineer, was born at Grahamstown, South Africa, on Aug. 6, 1844. He learned the shield system of tunnelling which bears his name from P. W. Barlow, who proposed to build underground railways in London on this system. In 1869 Greathead built a subway under the Thames near the Tower. He invented, among other things, the "Ejector" fire-hydrant. The Greathead shield system was used in constructing the City and South London rail way, which was opened in 1890. Greathead was also concerned with the Waterloo and City and the Central London underground railways. He died at Streatham. London. on Oct_ 21 _ TAM