GROENER, WILHELM ), German general, was born on Nov. 22, 1867, at Ludwigsburg, Wurttemberg. In 1912 he was attached to the railway section of the general staff, and was its chief during the mobilization of 1914. From May 27, 1916 to Aug. 1917 he was thpartmental head of the War Office. He went to the eastern front as divisional commander and leader of an army corps in Aug. 1917, and in 1918 was chief of staff of the army group under the command of Linsingen and after wards of Eichhorn. In Nov. 1918 he succeeded Ludendorff as quartermaster-general, but retired as a protest against the signa ture of the Treaty of Versailles. After the revolution he joined the Democratic Party. He was minister of communications (June, 192o—Aug. 1923) and combated the proposals for the reversion of the state railways to private ownership. He wrote Der Welt krieg and seine Probleme (192o). From January 1928 to 1932 he was Minister of Defence.