HADLEY, ARTHUR TWINING American political economist and educator, president of Yale university, was born in New Haven (Conn.), on April 23, 1856, the son of James Hadley, the philologist. He graduated at Yale in 1876 as valedictorian, having taken prizes in English, classics, and astron omy; he studied history and political science at Yale and in Ber lin; was a tutor at Yale in 1879-83, instructor in political science in 1883-86, professor of political science in 1886-91, professor of political economy in 1891-99, and dean of the Graduate school in 1892-95; and in 1899 became president of Yale university— the first layman to hold that office.
He retired as president emeritus in 1921 but continued to act as director of various railroads. He was commissioner of the Connecticut bureau of labour statistics in 1885-87. As an econo mist he first became widely known through his investigation of the railway question and his study of railway rates, which ante dated the popular excitement as to rebates. His Railroad Trans portation, its History and Laws (1885) became a standard work, and appeared in Russian (1886) and French (1887) ; he testified as an expert on transportation before the Senate committee which drew up the interstate commerce law; and wrote on railways and transportation for the Ninth and Tenth Editions (of which he was one of the editors) of the Encyclopedia Britannica, for Lalor's Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and Political History of the United States (3 vol., 1881-84), for The American Railway (1888), and for The Railroad Gazette, of which he was associate editor in 1887-89, and other periodicals. His idea of the broad scope of economic science, especially of the place of ethics in relation to political economy and business, is expressed in his writings and public addresses. In 1907-08 he was Theodore Roosevelt professor of American History in the University of Berlin. He also lectured in England. He died at Kobe, Japan, on March 6, 1930. Among his publications are: Economics: an Account of the Relations between Private Property and Public Welfare (1896) ; The Education of the American Citizen (Igor); The Relations between Freedom and Responsibility in the Evolution of Democratic Government ; Undercurrents in American Politics ; Economic Problems of Democracy (1923) ; and The Conflict between Lib erty and Equality (I q 2 5) .