HERTFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF. The English earldom of Hertford was held by members of the power ful family of Clare from about 1138, when Gilbert de Clare was created earl of Hertford, to 1314 when another earl Gilbert was killed at Bannockburn. In 1537 EDWARD SEYMOUR, viscount Beau champ, a brother of Henry VIII.'s queen, Jane Seymour, was created earl of Hertford, being advanced ten years later to the dignity of duke of Somerset and becoming protector of England. His son EDWARD (C. was styled earl of Hertford from until the protector's attainder and death in January 1552, when the title was forfeited; in 1559, however, he was created earl of Hertford. In 156o he was secretly married to Lady Catherine Grey (c. 1538-1568), daughter of Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, and a descendant of Henry VII. Queen Elizabeth greatly disliked this union, and both husband and wife were imprisoned, while the validity of their marriage was questioned. Catherine died on Jan. 27, 1568 and Hertford on April 6, 1621. Their son Edward, Lord Beauchamp (1561-1612), who inherited his mother's title to the English throne, predeceased his father; and the latter was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson WILLIAM SEYMOUR who was created marquess of Hertford in 1640 and was restored to his ancestor's dukedom of Somerset in 166o. The title of marquess of Hertford became extinct when JOHN, 4th duke of Somerset, died in 1675, and the earldom when ALGERNON, the 7th duke, died in February 1750.
In August 1750 FRANCIS SEYMOUR CONWAY, 2nd baron Conway a direct descendant of the protector Somerset, was created earl of Hertford. Hertford was ambassador to France from 1763 to 1765; was lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1765 and 1766; and lord chamberlain of the household from 1766 to 1782. In 1793 he became earl of Yarmouth and marquess of Hertford, and died on June 14, 1794. His son FRANCIS INGRAM SEYMOUR CONWAY (1743-1822), known during his father's lifetime as Lord Beauchamp, was sent as ambassador to Berlin and Vienna in 1793 and from 1812 to 182I he was lord chamberlain. His son FRANCIS CHARLES, the 3rd marquess (1777-1842), an intimate friend of the prince regent, afterwards George IV., is the original of the "Marquis of Steyne" in Thackeray's Vanity Fair and of "Lord Monmouth" in Disraeli's Coningsby. The 4th marquess was his son, RICHARD (1800-1870), whose mother was the great heiress, Maria Emily Fagniani, and whose brother was Lord Henry Seymour (1805-1859), the founder of the Jockey Club at Paris. When Richard died unmarried in Paris in August 187o his title passed to his kinsman, FRANCIS HUGH GEORGE SEYMOUR (1812 1884), a descendant of the 1st marquess, whose son, HUGH DE GREY (1843-1912) became 6th marquess in 1884. The 4th mar quess left his great wealth and his priceless collection of art treasures to Sir Richard Wallace (1818-189o), his reputed half brother, and Wallace's widow, who died in 1897, bequeathed the collection to the British nation. It is now in Hertford House, formerly the London residence of the marquesses of Hertford.