HAMILTON, municipal and police burgh, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Pop. (1931) 37,863. It is situated about i m. from the junction of the Avon with the Clyde, Io4 m. S.E. of Glasgow by road, and has stations on the L.M.S.R. and L.N.E.R. Among the subjects of antiquarian interest are Queenzie Neuk, where Queen Mary rested on her journey to Langside, the old steeple and pil lory built in the reign of Charles I., the Mote hill, the old Runic cross, and the carved gateway in the palace park. In the church yard there is a monument to four covenanters who suffered at Edinburgh, on Dec. 7, 1600, whose heads were buried here. Among the industries are manufactures of cotton, lace and embroidered muslins, and carriage-building, and there are also large market gardens, the district being famed for its apples, and some dairy farming; but the prosperity of the town depends chiefly upon the coal and ironstone of the surrounding country. Hamilton origi nated in the 15th century under the protecting influence of the lords of Hamilton, and became a burgh of barony in 1456 and a royal burgh in 1548. The latter rights were afterwards surrendered and it was made the chief burgh of the regality and dukedom of Hamilton in 1668, the third marquess having been created duke in 1643. Hamilton palace, a magnificent building in classical style (1822-29), has recently been dismantled, owing to subsidence of the ground. The Low parks, part of the estate, including the mausoleum resembling in design that of Hadrian at Rome, have been bought by the town of Hamilton. The palace occupied most of the site of the original burgh of Netherton. At Barncluith, i m. S.E. of the town, may be seen the Dutch gardens laid down in terraces on the steep banks of the Avon, planned in 1583 by John Hamilton, an ancestor of Lord Belhaven. About 2 m. S.E. of Hamilton, within the western High park, on the summit of a precipitous rock 200 ft. in height, the foot of which is washed by the Avon, stand the ruins of Cadzow castle, the subject of a ballad by Sir Walter Scott. The castle had been a royal residence for at least two centuries before Bannockburn (1314), but immediately after the battle Robert Bruce granted it to Sir Walter FitzGilbert Hamilton, the son of the founder of the family, in return for the fealty. Near it is the noble chase with its ancient oaks, the remains of the Caledonian forest.