HANUKKAH (lit. dedication, cf. Num. vii.), the feast in stituted by Judas Maccabaeus on 25 Kislew, 165 B.C., for the purification of the Temple, on the third anniversary of the setting up of the "Abomination of Desolation" (Dan. xi. 31; I Macc. i. 41-64, iv. 59; 2 Macc. vi. 2; Mark xiii. 14) by Antiochus Epiphanes. The name r uri corresponds to (John x. 22). Wellhausen maintained that Hanukkah represents a primitive winter solstice festival. On this see ch. xii. of C. C. Keet (Liturgical Use of Psalter, London, 1928). The feast lasts eight days, but the legend in 2 Macc. i. 18 is probably not the reason for this. One light is kindled on the first night, an extra one being added on each successive night, Hillel's rule thus prevailing over that of Shammai. The scroll of Antiochus still survives in some liturgies. For the service see the prayer books of S. Singer (Ash kenazic rite, London, 1928, and I. Abraham's notes in the anno tated edition) and M. Gaster (Sephardic rite, with variants, Oxford, 19o1); I. Elbogen in Jiid. Gottesdienst (Frankfurt a. M. 19 24 ; G. F. Moore, Judaism, ii. 49, Harvard, 1927). The Jewish Encyclopedia (s.v.) article contains numerous illustrations of Hanukkah lamps : see also the catalogue of the Anglo-Jewish His torical exhibition of 1887 (published by the Jewish Chronicle, London). Specimens will be found in museums and private col lections. In modern days services for Jewish soldiers in the British army are held on Hanukkah.