HASDRUBAL, the name of several Carthaginian generals, the most important being: I. The son-in-law of HamiIcar Barca (q.v.), who followed the latter in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Car thage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent wars in Spain. After Hamilcar's death (228) Hasdrubal, who succeeded him in the command, extended the newly acquired empire by skilful diplomacy, and consolidated it by the foundation of New Carthage (Cartagena) as the capital of the new province, and by a treaty with Rome which fixed the Ebro as the boundary between the two powers. In 221 he was killed by an assassin.
Polybius ii. I ; Livy xxi. I ; Appian, Hispanica, 2. The second son of Hamilcar Barca, and younger brother of Hannibal. Left in command of Spain when Hannibal departed to Italy (218) , he fought for six years against the brothers Gnaeus and Publius Scipio. A defeat in 216 prevented him from joining Hannibal in Italy at a critical moment ; but in 212 he completely routed his opponents, both the Scipios being killed. He was sub sequently outgeneralled by Publius Scipio the Younger, who in 209 captured New Carthage. Nevertheless, he evaded Scipio and broke into Central Italy (207) . He was ultimately defeated on the banks of the Metaurus, his head being thrown into Hannibal's camp by order of the Roman general Nero.
Polybius x. 34—xi. 3; Livy xxvii. 1-51 ; Appian, Bellum Hannibali cum, ch. lii. sqq.; R. Oehler, Der letzte Feldzug des Barkiden Hasdru bals (1897) ; C. Lehmann, Die Angriffe der drei Barkiden auf Italien (Leipzig, 1905) . See also PUNIC WARS.