HARDINGE, HENRY HARDINGE, VISCOUNT (1785 1856), British field marshal and governor-general of India, was born at Wrotham, Kent, on March 3o, 1785. He entered the army in 1799 as an ensign in the Queen's Rangers, a corps then stationed in Upper Canada. He served right through the penin sular campaigns, and in the Waterloo campaign was British com missioner at Prussian headquarters. He was wounded at Ligny on June 16, 1815, where he lost his left hand by a shot, and thus was not present at Waterloo, fought two days later. He re ceived a pension of £300, a K.C.B., and Wellington presented him with a sword that had belonged to Napoleon. In 182o and 1826 Sir Henry Hardinge was returned to parliament as member for Durham; and in 1828 became secretary for war in Wellington's ministry, a post which he also filled in Peel's cabinet in In 183o and 1834-35 he was chief secretary for Ireland. He succeeded Lord Ellenborough as governor-general of India. Dur ing his term of office (1844-48) the first Sikh War broke out; and Hardinge, waiving his right to the supreme command, mag nanimously offered to serve as second in command under Sir Hugh Gough ; but disagreeing with the latter's plan of campaign at Ferozeshah, he temporarily reasserted his authority as gov ernor-general (see SIKH WARS) . After the Sobraon campaign he was created a viscount, and received a pension of £3,000 for three lives. Hardinge's term of office in India was marked by many social and educational reforms. In 1852 he succeeded Wellington as commander-in-chief of the British army. In the Crimean War he endeavoured to direct the army on Wellington's principles—a system not altogether suited to the changed mode of warfare. In 1855 he was promoted field marshal. Hardinge resigned in July 1856, and died on Sept. 24, of the same year at South Park near Tunbridge Wells.