HENRY V. (1081-1125), Roman emperor, son of the em peror Henry IV., was born on Jan. 8, 1081, and after the deposi tion of his elder brother, the German king Conrad (d. IIoi), was chosen as his successor in 1098. In spite of his oath to take no part in the business of the empire during his father's lifetime, Henry was induced by his father's enemies to revolt in 1104, and some of the princes did homage to him at Mainz in Jan. 1106. In August of the same year the elder Henry died, when his son became sole ruler. In 1107 a campaign to restore Boiiwoj II. to the dukedom of Bohemia was partially successful, and in the year following the king led his forces into Hungary, where he failed to take Pressburg. In 1109 he was unable to compel the Poles to renew their accustomed tribute, but in I I io he succeeded in securing the dukedom of Bohemia for Ladislaus I.
The main interest of Henry's reign centres in the controversy over lay investiture which had been thrice prohibited by Paschal II. In I'Jo Henry went to Italy with a large army, and at Sutri concluded an arrangement with Paschal by which he renounced the right of investiture in return for a promise of coronation, and the restoration to the empire of all lands given by kings, or emperors, to the German church since the time of Charlemagne. The king presented himself at St. Peter's on Feb. for his coronation and the ratification of the treaty. The words com manding the clergy to restore the fiefs of the Crown to Henry were read amid a tumult of indignation, whereupon the pope refused to crown the king, who in return declined to renounce the right of investiture. Henry then left the city carrying the pope with him; and Paschal's failure to obtain assistance drew from him a confirmation of the king's right of investiture and a promise to crown him emperor.
In 1112 Lothair, duke of Saxony, rose against Henry, but was easily quelled. In 1113, however, a quarrel over the succession to the counties of Weimar and Orlamunde gave occasion for a fresh outbreak on the part of Lothair, whose troops were de feated at Warnstadt. Having been married in 1114 to Matilda, or Maud, daughter of Henry I. of England, the emperor was con fronted with a further rising, initiated by the citizens of Cologne, who were soon joined by the Saxons and others. Henry's forces were defeated at Welfesholz in II 15, and complications in Italy compelled him to leave Germany to the care of Frederick II. of Hohenstaufen, duke of Swabia, and his brother Conrad. After the departure of Henry from Rome in I I II a council declared the privilege of lay investiture, which had been extorted from Paschal, to be invalid, and Guido, archbishop of Vienne, excommunicated the emperor, but the pope refused to ratify this sentence. The quarrel entered upon a new stage in I115 when Matilda, daughter and heiress of Boniface, margrave of Tuscany, died leaving her vast estates to the papacy. Crossing the Alps in '116, Henry took possession of Matilda's lands. By this time Paschal had withdrawn his consent to lay investiture and the excommunication had been published. The pope was compelled to fly and the emperor was crowned a second time by Burdinas, archbishop of Braga. Paschal was succeeded by Gelasius II. in Jan. 1'18, but Henry secured the election of an antipope who took the name of Gregory VIII. Finally in the concordat of Worms (Sept. 1122) Henry renounced the right of investiture with ring and crozier, recognized the freedom of election of the clergy and promised to restore all church property. The new pope Calixtus II. agreed to allow elec tions to take place in presence of the imperial envoys, and the investiture with the sceptre to be granted by the emperor as a symbol that the estates of the church were held under the Crown. Henry was received again into the communion of the church, after he had abandoned his nominee, Gregory, to defeat. The emperor's concluding years were occupied with a campaign in Holland, and with a quarrel over the succession to the margraviate of Meissen. In 1124 he led an expedition against King Louis VI. of France and turned his arms against the citizens of Worms. He died at Utrecht on May 23, 1125.
See W. von Giesebrecht, Geschichte der deutschen Kaiserzeit, Bd. iii. (Leipzig, 1881-90) ; L. von Ranke, Weltgeschichte, pt. vii. (Leipzig, 1886) M. Manitius, Deutsche Geschichte (Stuttgart, 1889) ; C. Stutzer, "Zur Kritik der Investiturverhandlungen im Jahre 1119," in the Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, Bd. xviii. (Gottingen, 1862-86) ; T. von Sickel and H. Bresslau, "Die kaiserliche Ausfertigung des Wormser Konkordats," in the Mittheilungen des Instituts fur oster reichische Geschichtsforschung (Innsbruck, 188o) ; B. Gebhardt, Hand buch der deutschen Geschichte, Bd. i. (19o1) , and E. Bernheim, Zur Geschichte des Wormser Konkordats (Gottingen, 1878).