HAMMOND, JOHN HAYS American min ing engineer, was born in San Francisco (Calif.), on March 31, 1855. He studied at the Sheffield scientific school, Yale university until 1876, and afterwards took a course at the Royal school of mines, Freiburg, Saxony. In 188o he was engaged in the U.S. geological survey of the California gold fields, afterwards prac tising as consulting engineer, in which capacity he visited most of the countries of North and South America. In 1893 he became associated with Barnato Bros. and Cecil Rhodes in South Africa, acting as consulting engineer for the Consolidated Gold Fields Company of South Africa, the British South Africa Company, and the Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Company. As one of the leaders of the Rand faction, he was, in January, 1896, after the Jameson raid, arrested and condemned to death, but the sen tence was commuted, and later he was released on payment of a $125,00o fine. In 190o he returned to the United States and be came largely interested in mining properties and irrigation pro jects both in the United States and Mexico. He was president of the Panama Pacific Exposition commission to Europe, 191 2 ; chairman of the World Court commission, 19 1 4-15 ; and chairman of the U.S. coal commission, 1922-23. In 1903 he became general manager and consulting engineer of the Guggenheim Exploration Company. In 1911 he was special ambassador to represent the U.S. Government at the coronation of King George V.
His son, JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR. (1888— ), American inventor, was born in San Francisco (Calif.), on April 13, 1888. He studied at the Sheffield scientific school, Yale university, from which he graduated in 191o. Devoting himself to electrical de velopments and experiment, he invented a torpedo for coast de fence controlled by wireless energy, a system of radio control of ships and a system of selective radio telegraphy, an improvement for pipe organ mechanisms, and a new type of reflecting modula tor for pianos.