HALDANE, JOHN SCOTT English scien tist, was born in Edinburgh in 186o, and educated at Edinburgh academy and at the universities of Edinburgh and Jena. From 1885 he was engaged on scientific investigation and teaching, and was honorary professor and director of the mining research labora tory of Birmingham university, president of the Institution of Mining Engineers, and Gifford lecturer at the University of Glasgow. He was in charge of several Government enquiries on public health questions, and served on several Royal commis sions. His numerous publications include : Essays in Philosophical Criticism (1883, joint-author) ; Mechanism, Life and Personality (1913) ; Organism and Environment (1917) ; The New Physiol ogy (1919) ; Respiration (1922); The Sciences and Philosophy (1929) ; Blue-books on the causes of death in colliery explosions (1895), and on various other subjects.