HANWAY, JONAS English traveller and philan thropist, was born at Portsmouth on Aug. 12, 1712. In 1743 he became a partner with Dingley, a merchant in St. Petersburg. He travelled across Russia to Persia where he suffered many hardships and difficulties. Hanway returned in 175o to London, where he died on Sept. 5, 1786. He is said to have been the first Londoner habitually to carry an umbrella, and he lived to triumph over all the hackney coachmen who tried to hoot and hustle him down. Hanway was a prison reformer, and he attacked the employment of children as chimney sweeps.
Hanway left 74 printed works, mostly pamphlets; the only one of literary importance is the Historical Account of British Trade over the Caspian Sea, with a Journal of Travels, etc. (London, 1753) . On his life, see also Pugh, Remarkable Occurrences in the Life of Jonas Han way (London, 1787) ; Gentleman's Magazine, vols. xxxii., lvi., vol. lxv.; Notes and Queries, 1st series, i.; 3rd series, vii.; 4th series, viii.