HAYNAU, JULIUS JACOB (1786-1853), Austrian gen eral, was the natural son of the landgrave—afterwards elector— of Hesse-Cassel, William IX. He entered the Austrian army as an infantry officer in 18o1, saw much service in the Napoleonic wars, and between 1815 and 1847 rose to the rank of field mar shal lieutenant. A capable officer, but of violent temper and fanatical hatred of revolutionary movements, he was employed against the Italian revolutionaries in 1848, and became notorious for the severity with which he repressed and punished, not with out provocation, a rising in Brescia. Appointed next to command in Hungary, he was successful in the field, but was again accused of brutality. In London he was attacked and beaten by Messrs. Barclay and Perkins' draymen when visiting the brewery, and was saved from mob violence in Brussels with difficulty. He died on March 14, See R. v. Schonhals, Biographie des K. K. Feldzeugmeisters Julius Freiherrn von Haynau (Vienna,