HAYNE, ROBERT YOUNG American political leader, born in St. Paul's parish, Colleton district, S.C., on Nov. 1 o, 1791. He studied law in the office of Langdon Cheves (1776-1857) in Charleston, S.C., and in Nov. 1812 was admitted to the bar there, soon obtaining a large practice. For a short time during the war of 1812 against Great Britain, he was cap tain in a South Carolina regiment. He was a member of the lower house of the State legislature from 1814 to 1818, serving as speaker in the latter year; was attorney general of the State from 1818 to 1822, and in 1823 was elected, as a Democrat, to the U.S. Senate. Here he was conspicuous as an ardent free trader and an uncompromising advocate of "States' rights," opposed the protectionist tariff bills of 1824 and 1828, and con sistently upheld the doctrine that slavery was a domestic institu tion and should be dealt with only by the individual States. In one of his speeches opposing the sending by the United States of representatives to the Panama Congress, he said, "The moment the Federal Government shall make the unhallowed attempt to interfere with the domestic concerns of the States, those States will consider themselves driven from the Union." Hayne is best remembered, however, for his great debate with Daniel Webster (q.v.) in Jan. 183o. The debate arose over the so-called "Foote's resolution," introduced by Senator Samuel A. Foote (178o-1846) of Connecticut, calling for the restriction of the sale of public lands to those already in the market, but was concerned primarily with the relation to one another and the respective powers of the Federal Government and the individual States, Hayne contending that the Constitution was essentially a compact between the States, and the National Government and the States, and that any State might, at will, nullify any Federal law which it con sidered to be in contravention of that compact. He vigorously opposed the tariff of 1832, was a member of the South Carolina Nullification Convention of Nov. 1832, and reported the ordi nance of nullification passed by that body. Resigning from the Senate, he was governor of the State in 1832-34, and as such took a strong stand against President Jackson, though he was more conservative than many of the nullificationists in the State. He was intendant (mayor) of Charleston, S.C., 183 7 , and was president of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston railway He died at Asheville, N.C., on Sept. 24, 1839. His son, Paul Hamilton Hayne (183o-1886), was a poet of some distinc tion, and in 1878 published a life of his father.