HOLGUIN, a town of the high plateau country in the interior of Oriente province, Cuba, about 65 m. N.W. of Santiago de Cuba. Pop. (1931 census) 227,443. The town is near the Maranon and Jigiie rivers, on a plain from which hills rise on all sides except the east, where it is open to the winds of the plateau. Holguin was long the principal acclimatization station for Spanish troops. The oldest public buildings are two churches built in 180o and 1809 respectively. Holguin has trade in cabinet woods, tobacco, Indian corn and cattle products, which it exports through its port Gibara, about 25 m. N.N.E., with which it is connected by railway. Holguin was settled about 172o and became a Ciudad (city) in 1751. In the Ten Years' War of 1868-78 and in the revolution of 1895-98 Holguin was an insurgent centre.