HRDLICKA (hurd-lits'ka), ALES (1869– ), American anthropologist, was born at Humpolec, Bohemia, on March 29, 1869. His early education was received in Bohemia. He studied at the New York Eclectic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic colleges graduating in medicine in 1892 and 1894. In 1894 he joined the New York State service, investigating the insane and other de fective classes, and became in 1896 associate in anthropology in the State pathological institute.
In 1898, Dr. Hrdlicka was given charge of physical anthro pology in the Hyde expedition to Mexico and the south-western United States, in connection with the American Museum of Natural History of New York. In 1903 he was called as assistant curator to organize the division of physical anthropology at the U.S. National Museum, Washington (D.C.), becoming curator in 1910. As a member of many anthropological expeditions he made researches in many countries of the globe. He became a leading exponent of the theories that the North American Indian is of Asiatic origin, that the cradle of man's development was not in Asia but in Europe ; and that the Neanderthal man was not a separate species of man, but only a phase of his evolution. He is the founder (1918) and editor of the American Journal of Physi cal Anthropology. He is the author of : Ancient Man in North America (1907) ; Ancient Man in South America 0912); Anthro pological Work in Peru (1914) ; Physical Anthropology (Ameri can) 0919); Anthropometry (1920) ; Anthropology of Florida (1922); Old Americans (1925) ; and numerous other books and papers on anthropology and related subjects.