HUGHES, JOHN American Roman Catholic divine, was born in Annaloghan, county Tyrone, Ireland, on June He followed his father to Chambersburg, Pa., and was ordained deacon in 1825 and priest in 1826. He opposed the lay trustee system in Philadelphia where he served in several churches. In the New York diocese he was consecrated coadjutor to Bishop Dubois in 1838, bishop in 1842, and first archbishop in 185o, and worked against the lay trustee system and for State support for parochial schools. At all times he constituted himself a defender of his faith against miscellaneous attacks of Protestant clergy and the "Native American" and "Know-Nothing" agitations of and 1854. He was equally ready, however, to denounce sources of weakness within the Church as is shown by his attack in 1856 on three classes of Roman Catholic papers which he considered in jurious. During the Civil War his ardent attachment to the Union resulted in his going to France to counteract the influence of the Slidell mission and was productive of good feeling towards the North both in Rome and Ireland. The establishment of St. John's college (now Fordham university) in 1841 largely with funds collected by him in Europe is one of his most constructive achieve ments. He died in New York city on Jan. 3, 1864. His reputation as a member of the Church militant he himself explained on the ground that "the circumstances by which I have been surrounded, and the character of the country and people with whom I had to deal, did not allow me to use, at all times, that meek and apostolic spirit which is so appropriate and beautiful." His works were edited by Laurence Kehoe (1864-65). Good biog raphies were prepared by J. G. Hassard (i865) and H. A. Brann (1892).