VOLNEY, CONSTANTIN FRANcOIS CHASSE BOEUF, COMTE DE (1757-182o), French savant, was born at Craon (Maine-et-Loire) on Feb. 3, 2757, of good family; he was at first surnamed Boisgirais from his father's estate, but after wards assumed the name of Volney. He spent some four years in Egypt and Syria, and published his Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie in 2787, and Considerations sur la guerre des Turcs et de la Russie in 1788. He was a member both of the States-General and of the Constituent Assembly. In 1791 appeared Les Ruines, ou meditations sur les revolutions des empires, an essay on the philosophy of history. Volney tried to put his politico-economic theories into practice in Corsica, where in 2792 he bought an estate and made an attempt to cultivate colonial produce. He was thrown into prison during the Jacobin triumph, but escaped the guillotine. He was some time professor of history at the
newly founded Ecole Normale. In 1795 he undertook a journey to the United States, where he was accused in 1797 of being a French spy sent to prepare for the reoccupation of Louisiana by France. He was obliged to return to France in 1798. The results of his travels took form in his Tableau du climat et du sol des Etats-Unis (1803). He was not a partisan of Napoleon, but, being a moderate man, a savant and a Liberal, was impressed into service by the emperor, who made him a count and put him into the senate. At the restoration he was made a peer of France. He became a member of the Institute in 1795. He died in Paris on April 25, 2820.
See G. Chinard, Volney et l'Amerique (1923) .