VOROSHILOV, KLEMENTIY EFREMOVICH (1881 ), Russian soldier and politician, was the son of a work man. At the age of seven he began to work in the mines and only learned to read when he was 12 years old. He became a revolutionary in 1897; in 1903 he joined the Bolshevik party, and in 1906 was a delegate to the Stockholm congress of the Bolshe viks. In the following year he was sentenced to banishment for organising strikes and similar activities, and he remained in banishment, except for escapes and rearrests, until 1914. His military career began in the Ukraine, where he organised a de tachment of partisans and carried on guerrilla warfare against the German forces of occupation. Shortly afterwards he was commanding a small army and when it fought its way out, this army became the nucleus of the X. Red Army, the command of which was entrusted to Voroshilov. When the Germans left
the Ukraine, Voroshilov became a member of the Ukrainian Soviet government. He was later associated with Budenny as a mem ber of the revolutionary military council of the I. Cavalry Army.
In March 1921, Voroshilov took an active part in the sup pression of the revolt at Leningrad. He was elected a member of the central committee of the Communist party, and in May 1921 was appointed to command the Northern Caucasian military dis trict. In 1924 he was appointed commander of the troops in the Moscow district, and a member of the revolutionary military council of the Union. After the death of Frunze in 1925, he became president of the revolutionary military council and com missar for military and naval affairs.