VIANDEN, an ancient town in the grand duchy of Luxem bourg, on the banks of the Our, close to the Prussian frontier. Pop. about 2,500. It possesses one of the oldest charters in Europe, granted early in the 14th century by Philip, count of Vianden, who was the ancestor of William of Orange. The original name of Vianden was Viennensis or Vienna. The ruins of the ancient castle stand on an eminence of the little town. Its size and importance in its prime may be gauged from the fact that the Knights' Hall could accommodate five hundred men-at arms. A feature of the chapel is a hexagonal hole in the centre of the floor, opening upon a bare subterranean chamber, which seems to have been constructed by order of the crusader Count Frederick II. on the model of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
VIAREGGIO, a maritime town and sea-bathing resort of Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Lucca, on the Mediterranean, 13 m. N.W. of Pisa by rail, 7 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1931) 28,957 (town), 32,564 (commune). Being sheltered by dense pine-woods on the north, it is frequented as a winter resort, and in summer by some thousands for its sea-bathing. , In 1740 the popu lation was only 300, and in 1841, 6,549. The body of Shelley was burned on the shore near Viareggio after his death by drowning in 1822. At Varignano near Viareggio is a large oil refinery.