WAYLAND, FRANCIS (1796-1865), American education ist, was born in New York city on March II, 1796. He graduated at Union college in 1813 and studied medicine in Troy and in New York city. In 1816 he studied theology in Andover Theological seminary, and in 1817-21 was a tutor at Union college, to which after five years as pastor of the First Baptist church of Boston he returned in 1826 as professor of natural philosophy. In 1827 he became president of Brown university. In the 28 years of his administration he gradually built up the college, formed a library and gave scientific studies a more prominent place. He also worked for higher educational ideals outside the college, writing text-books on ethics and economics, and promoting the free school system of Rhode Island. His Thoughts on the Present Collegiate System in the United States (1842) and his Report to the Cor poration of Brown University of 185o pointed the way to edu cational reforms, particularly the introduction of industrial courses, which were only partially adopted in his lifetime. He died on Sept. 3o, 1865. He was an early advocate of the temperance and anti-slavery causes. He was one of the "law and order" leaders
during the "Dorr rebellion" of 1842, and was called "the first citizen of Rhode Island." His son, FRANCIS WAYLAND (1826-1904) graduated at Brown in 1846, and studied law at Harvard; he became probate judge in Connecticut in 1864, was lieutenant governor in 1869-70, and in 1872 became a professor in the Yale Law school, of which he was dean from 1873 to 1903.
Among Wayland senior's numerous published works are: Elements of Moral Science (iF35, repeatedly revised and translated into foreign languages) ; Elements of Political Economy (1837), in which he advocated free-trade; The Limitations of Human Responsibility (1838) ; Memoirs of Adoniram Judson (1853) ; Elements of Intellec tual Philosophy (1854) ; and a brief Memoir of Thomas Chalmers (1864).
See The Life and Labors of Francis Wayland (1867) by his sons Francis and Heman Lincoln ; the shorter sketch (Boston, 1891) by James 0. Murray in the "American Religious Leaders" series; and an article by G. C. Verplanck in vol. xiv. of the American Journal of Education.