BULGARUS, an Italian jurist of the i 2th century, born at Bologna. He was sometimes erroneously called Bulgarinus, which was properly the name of a jurist of the i 5th century. He was the most celebrated of the famous "Four Doctors" of the law school of the University of Bologna, and was regarded as the Chrysostom of the gloss-writers, being frequently designated by the title of the "Golden Mouth." He died in A.D. 1166, at a very advanced age. Martinus Gosia and Bulgarus were the chiefs of two opposite schools at Bologna, corresponding in many respects to the Proculians and Sabinians of imperial Rome, Martinus being at the head of a school which accommodated the law to what his opponents styled the equity of "the purse" (aequitas bursalis), while Bulgarus adhered more closely to the letter of the law. The school of Bulgarus ultimately prevailed, and it num bered among its adherents Joannes Bassianus, Azo and Accursius, each of whom in his turn exercised a commanding influence over the course of legal studies at Bologna. Bulgarus took the leading part among the Four Doctors at the Diet of Roncaglia in 1158 and was one of the most trusted advisers of the Emnernr Fred erick I. His most celebrated work is his commentary De Regulis luris, which was at one time printed among the writings of Pla centius, but has been properly reassigned to its true author by Cujacius, upon the internal evidence contained in the additions annexed to it, which are undoubtedly from the pen of Placentius.