BULOW, KARL voN (1846-1921), German soldier, was born in Berlin March 24, 1846. Commissioned to the 2nd Guards regiment in 1864, he served in the campaign of 1866 and the Franco-Prussian War of 187o. After a distinguished career, he was placed in charge of the II. Army on the outbreak of the World War, and was at the head of the invasion of Belgium. During the subsequent advance into France, von Kluck's I. Army was also placed under his direction, a faulty arrangement soon abandoned, but not replaced by effective control from Ger man headquarters. From this time the two armies were re peatedly taking divergent action, a confusion which ended in the retreat from the Marne. The responsibility for this strategical disaster was the subject of acute controversy, and public opinion in Germany was induced to fix the blame on von Billow. But the view of the Supreme Army Command was shown by their placing von Kluck on the retired list and promoting von Billow to field-marshal in Jan. 1915, and post-war knowledge has con firmed this verdict. In June 1916 von Billow was, at his own re quest, placed on the retired list. He died in Berlin Aug. 31 1921.