BRENTANO, LUDWIG JOSEPH (called Lujo) 1931), German economist, was born at Aschaffenburg on Dec. 18, 1844. He received some of his academical education in Dublin, and was professor of political theory in Breslau (1872), and later in Strasbourg, Vienna, Leipzig and Munich. He retired in He advocated free trade, and in industrial questions, combated the wages fund theory. In 1868 he made a thorough study of trade unionism in England, which resulted in his principal work, Die Arbeitergilden der Gegenwart (Leipzig, 1871-72; Eng. trans. by L. T. Smith). The book was assailed by Bamberger and other economists, but is important not only as an authority on modern associations of workmen, but for having given an impetus to the study of the gilds of the middle ages, and the examination of the great stores of neglected information bearing upon the condition of the people in earlier days. Brentano, who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1927, was a leading pacifist in Germany, and a familiar figure at international peace gatherings.