BROCA, PAUL (1824-1880), French surgeon and anthropol ogist, was born at Sainte-Foy la Grande, Gironde, June 28, 1824. After completing his medical studies in Paris, he rose rapidly in his profession; in 1867 he became a member of the Academy of Medicine and professor of surgical pathology to the Faculty. He published treatises on cancer, aneurism, etc., and in 1861 an nounced his discovery of the seat of articulate speech in the left side of the frontal region of the brain, since known as the convolu tion of Broca. To him is due the formula that a full-grown man should weigh as many kilogrammes as he measures centimetres in height over one metre. But his name is associated most closely with the modern school of anthropology. Establishing the Anthro pological Society of Paris in 18S9, of which he was secretary till his death, he was practically the inventor of the modern science of craniology. He founded La Revue d'Anthropologie in 1872, and it was in its pages that the larger portion of his writings appeared. Later Broca turned to the exclusive study of the brain, in which his greatest triumphs were achieved (see APHASIA). He died July 9, 1880. He received his Legion of Honour in 1868 and was honorary fellow of learned societies throughout the world.
