William Evans Burton

BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-60), English actor and playwright, born in London in Sept. 1804, was the son of William George Burton (1774-1825), a printer, and author of Research into the religions of the Eastern nations as illustrative of the scriptures (1805) . He made his first appearance on the London stage in 1831. In 1834 he went to America, where he appeared in Philadelphia as Dr. 011apod in The Poor Gentleman. He took a prominent place, both as actor and manager, in New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, the theatre which he leased in New York being renamed Burton's theatre. He had much popular success as Captain Cuttle in John Brougham's dramatiza tion of Dombey and Son, and in other low comedy parts in plays from Dickens's novels. Burton was the author of a large number of plays, one of which, Ellen Wareham (1833), was produced simultaneously at five London theatres. In Philadelphia he estab lished the Gentleman's Magazine, of which Edgar Allan Poe was for some time the editor. He edited the Cambridge Quarterly and the Souvenir, and wrote several books, including a Cyclo paedia of Wit and Humour (1857). He collected a library of more than ioo,000 volumes, especially rich in Shakespeariana, which was dispersed after his death at New York city on Feb. 9 186o.

RUSSE

LL ), American physiologist, was born in Ft. Wayne, Ind., on Oct. 25, 1875. He graduated in 1895 at the Rush medical college of the University of Chicago and in 1905 received the degree of doctor of philoso phy from the same university, having done postgraduate work also at the universities of Vienna and Breslau, in the latter of which he was assistant in physiology from 1898 to 19o1. In 1901 he also carried on research at the marine biological laboratory in Naples. He was assistant in physiology in Harvard university in 1901-02 and then joined the faculty of Columbia university in which he was associate professor of physiology from 1909 to 1923 when he became lecturer in physiology and associate pro fessor of medicine in the New York post-graduate medical school.

His publications include a Text Book of Physiology and Advance Lessons in Physiology (both 192o) and an Elementary Manual of Physiology (1925) .

county borough, Staffordshire, England ; lying mainly on the left bank of the river Trent. Pop. (1891) It is 127m. N.W. from London and is served by the L.M.S. and L.N.E. railways. The 'Trent is navigable from a point near the town downward. In the 9th century St. Modwen is said to have established a convent on the Isle of Andressey opposite Burton. In 1002 Wulfric, earl of Mercia, founded here a Benedictine abbey, and by charter of 1004 granted to it the town with other large endowments. Burton was evidently a mesne borough under the abbot, who held the court of the manor and received the profits of the borough according to the charter of Henry I. Later charters were given by Henry II., by John (who also granted an annual fair of three days' duration, and a weekly market on Thursday), by Henry III., by Henry VII., and by Henry VIII. At the dissolution Henry VIII. founded on the site of the abbey a collegiate church dissolved before 1545, when its lands, with all the privileges formerly vested in the abbot, were conferred on Sir William Paget, ancestor of the marquess of Anglesey, now holder of the manor. The famous brewing industry of the town is of com paratively recent development, having begun about 1708. Forty years later it had a market at St. Petersburg and the Baltic ports, and in 1796 there were nine brewing firms in the town. The use of local well-water impregnated with sulphate of lime derived from gypsum deposits is one factor in the localization of brewing here. Upwards of 6,000 hands are employed in all, and the breweries are in the hands of companies, chiefly Bass and Allsopp. Many people are employed in the subsidiary industries, especially cask making. Metal workers are also an important element in the population. The church of St. Mary and St. Modwen em bodies some remains of an ancient Gothic building. Of the Bene dictine abbey dedicated to the same saints there remain a gate house and lodge, and a fine doorway. The former abbot's house at Seyney Park is a half-timbered building of the 15th century. The free grammar school was founded in 1525. A fine bridge over the Trent, and the municipal buildings, were provided by Lord Burton. There are recreation grounds on the Derbyshire side of the river.

Burton was incorporated in 1878, is governed by a mayor, eight aldermen and 24 councillors, and is in the Burton Parliamentary Division of Staffordshire. Area 4,203 acres.