CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF, a State university, with seats at Berkeley, Los Angeles, San Francisco and elsewhere. Control of the university lies in a board of regents, created by the State Constitution, and a president; the board comprises in its 24 members eight ex-officio (including the president and the State governor) and 16 named by the governor for 16 year terms. Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul is president, elected by the regents in 1930. The centre of administration is at Berkeley.
In the '6os, upon suggestion from Governor Low, the trustees of the College of California, founded in 1855, offered the college to the State. The gift, grounds and buildings in Oakland, the library of 10,00o vols. and the property of 160 ac. were worth about $110,000. Accepting, the legislature appropriated $306, 661.8o as a university fund and secured California's share of the Federal land grant of 1862 in aid of education in agriculture and the mechanic arts. The university, chartered in 1868, opened its doors in 1869. In 1873 removal was made to its home on the slopes of the Berkeley hills, a site of great natural beauty, facing the Golden Gate. Here, 3o years later, the regents began to de velop an enduring architectural plan based upon designs submitted by Emile Benard, of Paris, in a competition underwritten by Mrs. Phoebe Apperson Hearst (afterwards a regent) in 1896. By 1927, 16 buildings conforming to this plan were in use, eight provided by private donors, eight by the State. The dominant style is Ital ian Renaissance in white granite (seven buildings), and cement plaster on reinforced concrete. The Sather campanile, in granite, stands 302 ft. high. Noteworthy also are the stadium, seating 75,00o, built by sale of scrip; Stephens hall, built by students and alumni for lounges, book-shop, restaurant and offices of stu dents' publications and other activities, and a gymnasium for women, built in 1927 by William Randolph Hearst, a memorial to his mother, the regent. Twenty-four years earlier, in a, hollow where the hills become abrupt, amid towering eucalyptus trees, Mr. Hearst had built the first modern Greek theatre, adapted under Roman influences from the fine example at Epidaurus, to seat 7,500. By 1927, also, the university grounds had been en larged to embrace nearly 600 acres. In 1926, the people of Cali fornia voted $6,000,000 in bonds for university buildings. Two at Berkeley are an infirmary costing $350,000 and a structure at $2,000,000 to house 10 life science departments. The Los Angeles buildings—eight, in the style known as Mediterranean, in terra cotta and red—are the first upon the suburban Westwood site of 382 ac. given in 1926 by public-spirited individuals and groups to replace quarters outgrown. Between 1919, when the Los Angeles Normal school became the southern branch of the university, and 1926, when the regents named it formally the University of Cali fornia at Los Angeles, its student roll increased from under i,000 to nearly 6,000.
In San Francisco, in 1895, Adolph Sutro gave a hillside tract overlooking Golden Gate park, for the college of dentistry, the college of pharmacy and the medical school (with which later were associated the University Hospital and the Hooper Foundation for Medical Research). On other premises are Hastings College of Law and the California School of Fine Arts, affiliated with the university.
Two notable outposts are the Scripps Institution of Oceano graphy, endowed by the Scripps family, on a 168 ac. site at La Jolla, near San Diego; and the Lick observatory, gift of James Lick in 1875, on a 3,00o ac. site on Mt. Hamilton, 90 mi. south of Berkeley. The 36 in. refractor, the Crossley reflector (364 in.), its almost ideal atmospheric conditions, its astronomers, have made the observatory one of the world's greater sources of cos mological knowledge.
The unparalleled scope and variety of California farming cause the college of agriculture to be the university's largest and most complex department. Its annual budget exceeds $2,500,000, nearly 21% coming from Federal sources. Its faculty numbers (1936) 461. Its largest unit, as also the university's, is the extension service, with a staff of 185 including 139 agents in 42 counties. The agricultural extension served 558 correspond ence students in lectured to farm audiences numbering persons, made upon invitation 66,10o calls at farms, had 174,00o office discussions of farmers' problems, and answered 138,17o inquiries by letter. Its functions centre at Berkeley; its principal rural seat is 75 mi. north-east at Davis, in the Great Valley of California, where the university farm of 1,079 ac., with buildings worth $1,438,000, engages experimenters and both matriculant and non-degree students. The college contains also the important Citrus experiment station and Graduate School of Tropical Agriculture at Riverside, occupying buildings valued at $440,00o and 765 ac. of land. Including 135 ac. at Berkeley and 3,85o ac. in scattered parcels, the college uses more than 5,85o ac. in research and experimentation. It publishes Hilgardia, a techni cal journal, and many bulletins and reports.
At Berkeley are the schools of architecture, education, juris prudence, librarianship and (in part) of medicine, and the colleges of letters and science, commerce, chemistry, engineering, and mining. The University of California at Los Angeles comprises a college of letters and science, and of business administration, a branch of the college of agriculture, a teachers' college, and a divi sion of graduate study offering the M. S., K. A. and Ph. D. de grees in certain departments. Also in Los Angeles there is a Medical Department offering graduate instruction only. The fac ulties number, in all (excluding summer session and affiliated faculties) 19o2 professors and others engaged in teaching and re search; of whom 861 are at Berkeley, 357 at Los Angeles, 581 at San Francisco, 117 at Davis, Riverside and elsewhere. The Uni versity of California was rated one of the two leading American universities by the American Council on Education in 1934, with respect to strength of its graduate school staff. For the year was appropriated for research projects in 35 departments, in addition to private gifts and endowment funds used for this purpose. The libraries contain nearly 1,400,000 vol., including the unique Bancroft collection of western Americana, at Berkeley, and the W. A. Clark library at Los Angeles. Sixteen. endowed chairs and 7o graduate scholarships and fellowships make also for productive scholarship. The university press ex pends $So,000 annually in publishing the university's additions to knowledge. The university's assets, June 3o, 1936, were $80,216, 035.22 including endowments, The year's income was $14,241,910.98, covering $6,879,678.87 State appropriation, from endowments, $1,940,974.10 students' deposits. The year's private gifts amounted to $1,855,654.93—$392,117.94 of which were for current use, $63,800.99 foi land, buildings, etc., and $1,399,736.00 for endowment. Citizen residents of California are tuition-free at Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Davis, but all stu dents pay small sessional fees in support of infirmary and certain services.
During the year 1935-36, the university conferred 4,045 de grees (1,657 upon women), including 284 masters of arts, 55 mas ters of science and 91 doctors of philosophy. By this time degrees, in all, had been granted. Nov. 1936 found enrolled 2 2,12 2 resident students; 14,061 (including 5,346 women) at Berkeley, 6,935 at Los Angeles (women 3,521), 896 in San Francisco (women 17 2 ),and 292 elsewhere. The Berkeley figure carries 2,605 in the graduate division, most of them candidates for teachers' certificates or advanced degrees. Many more thousands, mostly adults, are using the extension division, which during the year had 41,047 class enrolments throughout California and throughout the world in correspondence courses, drew 123, persons to public lectures, and from its "film library," con sidered foremost of its kind, supplied cinema and stereopticon material for 12,263 public educational programmes. Summer ses sions are conducted yearly on the campuses at Berkeley.
In the 1934 survey of American universities by the American Council on Education, thirty-one departments of the University of California were given a rating of either distinguished or ade quate, a total not exceeded by any other institution in the United States. Since its establishment the University has offered instruc tion to approximately 140,00o individuals. In the past few years, since 1933, its enrolment has increased nineteen per cent. Recent additions to its scientific equipment are a $2,000,000 plant for animal husbandry, a gift from Mr. W. K. Kellogg; a forestry ex periment tract of 2,600 acres from the Michigan-California Lum ber Company; and funds for a Radiation Laboratory from Regent W. H. Crocker and the Chemical Foundation. (R. G. S.)