DEADWOOD, a city in the Black hills of western South Dakota, U.S.A., 2m. N.E. of Lead, the county seat of Lawrence county. It lies in a narrow canyon 4,53oft. above the sea, on Federal highway 85, and is served by the Burlington and the Chicago and North-Western railways. The population in 193o Federal census was 2,559. Deadwood is a headquarters for tour ists, and the commercial centre of a cattle-raising and gold-mining region. It has large stamp mills, smelters and cyanide mills. In 1875 the discovery of gold in this region was made public. The United States bought the land from the Sioux, and in 1877 opened it to settlement. Deadwood Gulch was the centre of the rush that followed, and its colourful history is commemorated by an annual pageant held in a natural amphitheatre rimmed by steep hills. At the celebration of 1927, President Coolidge was inducted into full tribal membership by the Oglala Sioux, and Deadwood Dick, a national hero among the boys of his generation (one of the shot-gun guard that protected the early shipments of gold by stage-coach), rode in the parade. Ft. Meade, headquarters of the Black Horse cavalry, is 1 om. N.E. of Deadwood.