DEERFIELD, a town of Franklin county, Massachusetts, U.S.A., on the Connecticut and the Deerfield rivers, 33m. N. of Springfield; served by the Boston and Maine and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railways. The population in 193o was 2,882. The greater part of the population is centred about the village of South Deerfield, a supply and shipping point for a large onion and tobacco-growing area. The oldest of the several villages, Old Deerfield, sometimes called "The Street," extends along one broad thoroughfare lined with elms, through a beautiful valley, bordered by hills on the east and the west. Many of the houses date from the i8th century, and the ground is dotted with tab lets marking the home lots of early settlers and places where his toric incidents occurred. In Memorial hall, built in 1798 for the Deerfield academy, the Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association has assembled a collection of colonial and Indian relics. In 1896 many of the old household arts and crafts were revived and placed on a business basis by the formation of a society for the market ing of the products. For many years Deerfield (settled in 1669 and incorporated in 1673) was the frontier post of New England on the north-west. It suffered severely from the Indians in 1675 and 1677; and again, on Feb. 29, 17o4, the village was surprised in the early morning by a force of French and Indians, who killed 49, captured (including the Rev. John Williams, who lived to publish an aCcount of his experiences), burned the town and on the way back to Canada killed 2o of the captives.