DEIOCES (Anancos) according to Herodotus (i. 96 ff.) the first king of the Medes. He narrates that, when the Medes had rebelled against the Assyrians about 71 o B.C., according to his chronology (cf. Diodor, 32), they lived in villages without any political organization. Then Deioces, son of Phraortes, was chosen judge in his village, and the justness of his decisions in duced the inhabitants of the other villages to throng to him. At last the Medes resolved to set up a kingdom, and chose Deioces king. He now caused them to build a great capital, Ecbatana, with a royal palace, and introduced the ceremonial of oriental courts. He united all the Median tribes, and ruled 53 years (c. 699-647 B.c.), though perhaps, as G. Rawlinson supposed, the 53 years of his reign are exchanged by mistake with the 22 years of his son Phraortes.
The narration of Herodotus is only a popular tradition. We know from the Assyrian inscriptions that just at the time which Herodotus assigns to Deioces the Medes were divided into numerous small principalities and subjected to the great Assyrian conquerors. Among these petty chieftains, Sargon in 715 men tions Dayukku, "lieutenant of Man" (he probably was, therefore, a vassal of the neighbouring king of Man in the mountains of south-eastern Armenia), who joined the Urarteans and other enemies of Assyria, but was by Sargon transported to Hamath in Syria "with his clan." His district is called "bit-Dayaukki," "house of Deioces," also in 713, when Sarg.on invaded these re gions again. So it seems that the dynasty, which more than half a century later founded the Median empire, was derived from this Dayukku, and that his name was thus introduced into the Median traditions, which contrary to history considered him as founder of the kingdom.
a tetrarch of Galatia in Asia Minor, and a faithful ally of the Romans. At the beginning of the third Mithridatic war, he drove out the troops of Mithridates from Phrygia. Pompey, when settling the affairs of Asia (63 or 62 B.c.) rewarded him with the title of king and an increase of territory (Lesser Armenia). Defotarus naturally sided with Pompey in the civil war and after Pharsalus escaped with him to Asia. In 47 Caesar arrived in Asia from Egypt and pardoned Delotarus for having sided with Pompey. In consequence of the complaints of certain Galatian princes, Deiotarus was deprived of part of his dominions, but allowed to retain the title of king. On the death of Mithridates of Pergamum, tetrarch of the Trocmi, Delotarus was a candidate f or the vacancy. Other tetrarchs also pressed their claims ; DeTotarus was accused by his grandson Castor of having attempted to assassinate Caesar when the latter was his guest in Galatia. Cicero undertook his defence, but the assassination of Caesar prevented any final decision. In his speech Cicero deals mainly with the distribution of the provinces, the real cause of the quarrels between DeIotarus and his relatives. After Caesar's death, Mark Antony, for a large sum of money announced that, in accordance with instructions left by Caesar, Defotarus was to re sume possession of all the territory of which he had been deprived. When civil war again broke out, Deiotarus was persuaded to sup port Brutus and Cassius, but af ter Philippi went over to the triumvirs. He remained in possession of his kingdom till his death at a great age (see GALATIA).
Cicero Philippica, ii. 37; Ad fam. viii. 1o, iX. 12, XV. I, 2, 4; Ad. Att. xiv. 1; De divin. 15, ii. 36, 37; De harusp. resp. 13, and above all Pro rege Deiotaro; Appian, Bell. Mithrid. 75, 114i Bellum Alexandrinum, 34-41, 65-77; Dio Cassius xli. 63, xlii. 45, 24, 48, xlviii. 33.
