DEVENTER, a town in the province of Overysel, Holland, on the right bank of the Ysel, at the union of the Schipbeek, and a junction station 10 m. N. of Zutphen. It is also connected by tramway with Brokulo. Pop. (1927) 34,580. In the r4th century Deventer was the centre of the famous religious educational movement associated with the name of Gerhard Groot (q.v.), who was a native of the town (see BROTHERS OF COMMON LIFE). The Groote Kerk (St. Lebuinus), dates from 1334, and occupies the site of an older structure of which the I ith-century crypt re mains. The Roman Catholic Broederkerk, or Brothers' church, contains among its relics three ancient gospels attributed to St. Lebuinus (Lebwin), the apostle of the Frisians and Westphalians (d. c. 773). The Bergkerk, dedicated in 1206, has two late Ro manesque towers. The town hall was built in 1693. In the fine square called the Brink is the old weigh-house, now a school (gym nasium), built in 1528, with a large external staircase (1644). The town library, also called the library of the Athenaeum, includes many mss. and incunabula, and a 13th-century copy of Reynard the Fox. The archives of the town are of considerable value. Besides a considerable agricultural trade, Deventer has important carpet factories (the manufactory of Smyrna carpets being es pecially famous) ; while other textile industries are also carried on. In the church of Bathmen, a village 5 m. E. of Deventer, some 14th-century frescoes were discovered.
DE VERE, AUBREY THOMAS Irish poet and critic, was born at Curragh Chase, Co. Limerick, being the third son of Sir Aubrey de Vere Hunt (1788-1846), also a poet, whose verses and a drama, Mary Tudor, were published by his son in 1875 and 1884. Aubrey de Vere was educated at Trin ity college, Dublin, and in his 28th year published The Waldenses, which was the first of many volumes of verse and prose to his credit. In many of his poems, notably in the volume of sonnets called St. Peter's Chains (1888), he made rich additions to devo tional verse. After Matthew Arnold's fine lecture on "Celtic Literature," nothing perhaps did more to help the Celtic revival than Aubrey de Vere's insight into the Irish character and his reproductions of the early Irish epic poetry.
A volume of Selections from his poems was edited in 1894 (New York and London) by G. E. Woodberry.