DEW-CLAW, the name applied to the functionless toe or toes which do not reach the ground, found in many mammals. In deer there are two, forming the "false hoof." In the dog, the ha llux (corresponding to the big toe in man) is the dew-claw.
(1602-1650), English anti quarian, son of Paul D'Ewes of Milden, Suffolk, at as member for Sudbury in the Long Parliament of 164o. When war broke out he joined the Parliamentary Party, and in 1643 took the Cove nant. He was one of the members expelled by Pride's Purge in 1648. D'Ewes appears to have projected a history of England based on original documents. But though excelling as a collector of materials, he died without publishing anything except an unin teresting tract, The Primitive Practice for Preserving Truth (1645), and some speeches. His Journals of all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth was published in 1682. His large collections, including transcripts from ancient records, many of the originals of which are now dispersed or destroyed, are in the Harleian collection in the British Museum. His unprinted Diaries from 1621-24 and from 1643-47, the latter valuable for the notes of proceedings in parliament, are often the only authority for inci dents and speeches during that period, and are amusing from the glimpses the diarist affords of his own character, his good estima tion of himself and his little jealousies.
Autobiography and Correspondence from the mss. in the British Museum were published by J. O. Halliwell Phillips in 1845, by Hearne in the appendix to his Historia vitae et regni Ricardi 11. (1729), and in the Bibliotheca topographica Britannica, no. 15, vol. vi. (1783) ; and from a Diary of later date, College Life in the Time of James I. (1851) . His Diaries have been extensively drawn upon by Forster, Gardiner, and by Sanford in his Studies of the Great Rebellion. Some of his speeches have been reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany and Somers Tracts. The Journal of Sir Simonds D'Ewes, ed. W. Notestein (New Haven, 1923) .
(1854-1922), Boer general and politician, was born on Oct. 7, 1854, at Leeuwkop, Smithfield dis trict (Orange Free State) and later resided at Dewetsdorp. He served in the. first Anglo-Boer War of 188o-81 as a field cornet, and from 1881 to 1896 he lived on his farm, becoming in 1897 member of the Volksraad. He took part in the earlier battles of the Boer War of 1899 in Natal as a commandant and later, as a general, he went to serve under Cronje in the west. His first suc cessful action was the surprise of Sanna's Post near Bloemfontein, which was followed by the victory of Reddersburg a little later. He became the most formidable leader of the Boers in their guerrilla warfare. Sometimes severely handled by the British, sometimes escaping only by the narrowest margin of safety from the columns which attempted to surround him, and falling upon and annihilating isolated British posts, De Wet struck heavily where he could and evaded every attempt to bring him to bay. He shared in the peace negotiations of 1902, and visited Europe with the other generals. He wrote an account of his campaigns, an English version of which appeared in Nov. 1902 under the title Three Years' War. In Nov. 1907 he was elected a member of the first Legislative assembly of the Orange River colony and was appointed minister of agriculture. In i 908-9 he was a dele gate to the Closer Union convention. In 1912-13 he supported Gen. Hertzog in his separatist policy, seceded from the South African party and helped to form the Nationalist party. Soon after the outbreak of the World War, De Wet rebelled against the South African Government and was captured at Waterberg on Dec. 1, 1914. On June io, 1915, he was committed for trial on a charge of high treason, and on June 21 was found guilty on eight of the io counts. He was sentenced to six years' imprison ment and fined f 2,000, but in the following December was re leased, on undertaking to abstain from political agitation. He died at Bloemfontein on Feb. 3, 192 2.
DE WETTE, WILHELM MARTIN LEBERECHT (178o-1849), German theologian, was born on Jan. 12, 1780, at Ulla, near Weimar. He was educated at Weimar and at Jena, where H. E. J. Paulus inspired his free critical enquiry. In 1807 he became professor at Heidelberg in 18 i o at Berlin, where he met Schleiermacher. His letter of consolation to the mother ‘of Sand, the murderer of Kotzebue, led to his dismissal in 1819. After three years' retirement at Weimar, during which he prepared his edition of Luther and wrote the romance, Theodor oder die W eilie des Zweiflers, De Wette became professor of theology at Basle university. He died on June 16,
Wellhausen describes De Wette as "the epoch-making opener of the historical criticism of the Pentateuch." He prepared the way for the Supplement-theory.
most important works are:—Beitrdge zur EinBibliography.-His most important works are:—Beitrdge zur Ein- leitung in das Alte Testament (2 vols., 1806) ; Kommentar fiber die Psalmen (181 i) ; Lehrbuch der hebraisch-jiidischen Archaologie (1814) ; Uber Religion and Theologie (1815) ; Lehrbuch der christ lichen Dogmatik (1813-16) ; Lehrbuch der historisch-kritischen Ein leitung in die Bibel (18 i 7) ; Christliche Sittenlehre (1819-21) ; Einleit ung in das Neue Testament (1826) ; Religion, ihr Wesen, ihre Erscheinungsform, and ihr Einfluss auf das Leben (1827) ; Das Wesen des christlichen Glaubens (1846) ; and Kurzgefasstes exegetisches 1landbuch zum Neuen Testament (1836-48) . De Wette also edited Luther's works (5 vols., 1825-28), and wrote a drama: Die Entsagung (1823).
