DOCTRINAIRES, the name given to the leaders of the moderate and constitutional Royalists in France after the second restoration of Louis XVIII. in 1815. In 1816 the Nain jaune re f ugie, a French paper published at Brussels by Bonapartist and Liberal exiles, began to speak of Royer-Collard as the "doc trinaire." The "doctrinaires" was a popular name for a religious order founded in 1592 by Cesar de Bus. The nickname for M. Royer-Collard was well chosen, for he made it his business to preach a doctrine and an orthodoxy. The rapid extension of the name to his colleagues proves that it had more than a personal application. The duc de Richelieu and M. de Serre had been Royalist emigres; MM. Royer-Collard himself, Laine, and Maine de Biran had sat in the revolutionary assemblies; Pasquier Beugnot, de Barante, Cuvier, Mounier, Guizot, and Decazes had been imperial officials ; but they were closely united by political principle, and all were noted for the dialectical rigidity of their arguments. Their ideal was a king who frankly accepted the results of the Revolution, and who governed in a liberal spirit, with the advice of a chamber elected by a very limited constitu ency. Their views were set forth by Guizot in 1816 in his treatise Du gouvernement representatif et de l'etat actuel de la France. The history of the Doctrinaires as a separate political party began in 1816 and ended in 183o. In 1816 they obtained the co-opera tion of Louis XVIII., who had been frightened by the violence of the reactionary majority in the chamber of 1815. In 183o they were destroyed by Charles X. when he took the reactionary prince de Polignac as his minister and entered on the conflict with Liberalism which ended in his overthrow. During the revolution of 183o the Doctrinaires became absorbed in the Orleanists. (See FRANCE: History.) The word "doctrinaire" has become naturalized in English as applied, in a slightly contemptuous sense, to a theorist, as distinguished from a practical man.