ELLWANGEN, a town of Germany in the Land of Wurt temberg, on the Jagst. Pop. (1933) 5,924. The Benedictine abbey of Ellwangen is said to have been founded in 764, but there is no record of it before 814. In 1460 the abbey was con verted, with the consent of Pope Pius II., into a Ritterstift (college or institution for noble pensioners) under a secular provost. The town of Ellwangen, which grew up round the abbey and received the status of a town about the middle of the 14th century, was until 1803 the capital of the provostship, when this passed to Wurttemberg. It is situated between two hills, one crowned by the castle of Hohen-Ellwangen, built in 1354 and now used as an agricultural college, and the other, the Schonen berg, by the pilgrimage church of Our Lady of Loreto. The Stiftskirche, the old abbey church, a Romanesque building dating from 1124 and the Gothic St. Wolfgangskirche are the chief churches. The industries include making of parchment covers, of envelopes, of wooden hafts and handles for tools, etc., and tan neries. There are also a wool-market and a horse-market which is famous.