EMANUEL I. (Portuguese Manoel) (1469—I 52I ), i4th king of Portugal, surnamed the "Great" and the "Happy" knight of the Garter and of the Golden Fleece, was the son of Duke Ferdinand of Vizeu and of Beatrice of Beja, grandchildren of John I. of Portugal. His reign (1495-152I) is noteworthy for Vasco da Gama's opening an all-sea route to India, Cabral's landing in Brazil, Corte-Real's voyage to Labrador, the exploration of the Indian seas and the opening of commercial relations with Persia and China. He also appointed Albuquerque viceroy of the Portu guese possessions in India. His intense religious zeal manifested itself in his persecutions of the Jews and in endeavours to pro mote a crusade against the Turks, in his missionary enterprise throughout his new possessions, and in his erection of 26 monaster ies and two cathedrals, including the stately monastic church of the Jeronymos at Belem. He was married three times, to Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Castile, to her sister Maria, and then to Leonora, sister of the emperor Charles V. By Maria he had two sons, John and Henry, both of whom became kings of Portugal.
The best authorities for the history of Emanuel's reign are the contemporary i6th century Chronica d' el Rei D. Manoel, by Damiao de Goes, and De rebus Emanuelis, by J. Osorio. El Rei D. Manoel, by M. B. Branco (Lisbon, 1888), is a valuable but ill-arranged biography. See also the Ordenacoes do S.R.D. Manoel (Coimbra, 1797) . For further bibliography see Barbosa Machado, Bibliographica Lusitana, vol. iii. pp. i6i-166.