ENDOGAMY. The law of endogamy prohibits the marriage of an individual outside his or her social group. It concerns itself with marriage only, not with extra-marital relations. The most famous example is among the Hindus who do not permit men and women of different castes to marry. (See CASTE.) Among prim itive peoples it is rare, though in many parts of Africa the smiths do seem to form an endogamous occupational unit and the Santals of India punish breaches of the law. Where society is an hierarchy the disapproval of marriages between individuals of different classes may assume the form of a definite regulation, and this is true also of the feeling against a woman marrying outside her own tribe or local group, but such unions can generally be condoned, and diplomatic marriages between different tribes do take place.
Exogamy and endogamy are by no means mutually exclusive. In any community there may be one type of social group, e.g., the clan, which is exogamous, and another type, e.g., the occupa tional class, which is endogamous. This condition is actually found in India where the endogamous castes are composed of exogamous clans. Thus, exogamy and endogamy are often found together, supplementing one another. (See EXOGAMY.) BIBLIOGRAPHY.-E. A. Westermarck, The History of Human MarBibliography.-E. A. Westermarck, The History of Human Mar- riage (1921) ; Sir J. G. Frazer, Totemism and Exogamy (4 vols. 191o) ; W. H. R. Rivers, Social Organization (1924) ; R. H. Lowie, Primitive Society (1921) . (C. H. W.)