Engineering and Architectural Socie Ties

ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURAL SOCIE TIES. The principal English society dealing with mechan ical science is the Institution of Civil Engineers (established in 1818, incorporated in 1828), which publishes Transactions (4to, 1836-1842) and Minutes of Proceedings (8vo, 1837, etc.) . George Stephenson was the first president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, which was founded at Birmingham in 1847, removed to London in 1877, and registered under the Companies Act in 1878. It holds migratory meetings and publishes Proceedings. The Society of Engineers with Transactions (1861, etc.) ; The Civil and Mechanical Engineers' Society (1859) ; the Iron and Steel Institute (1869, in corp. 1899), with Journal and Mem.; the Surveyors' Institution (1868, incorporated in 1881), which publishes Transactions and holds professional examinations ; the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain (1866), the Institution of Electrical Engineers (1871, incorp. 1883), Journal; the Institution of Mining Engi neers has associated with it many branch institutions in the prov inces, Journal; the Institute of Gas Engineers (1863) ; the Illumi nating Engineers' Soc. (19o9) ; the Institute of Metals; and the Instn. of Mining and Metallurgy, meet in London. There are institutions in the provinces at Bradford, Bristol, Cardiff incorp. in 1881), Chesterfield (1871), Dublin (1835, incorp. in 1857), Glasgow (1857, with Transactions), Liverpool Middlesbrough (1864), Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1852, incorp. in 1876, with Transactions), Nottingham (1871), Dudley (1866), and Belfast (1892).

The leading architectural society is the

Royal Institute of British Architects, founded in 1834, incorporated in 1837, and granted new charters in 1887 and 1908. It appoints examining professional boards and publishes Transactions (1836; 1879, etc.) and Proceedings (1879, etc.) . There are also the associations of Birmingham (1873), Edinburgh (185o), Exeter (1843), Glasgow (1868), Leeds (1876), Leicestershire (1855), Liverpool (1848), Manchester (1875), Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the societies of Manchester (1865) and Oxford (1837). The Architectural As sociation of London publishes a Sketch Book (187o, etc.) . The Architectural Publishing Society (1848) has published Essays (1848-1852), and since 1852 has been bringing out a Dictionary of Architecture. There is also a Society of Architects (1884, in corp. 1893) . The Roy. Inst. of Architects of Ireland meets in Dublin and publishes a Journal.

U.S.A.: New York,

Amer. Soc. of Civ. Eng. Trans.; Amer. Soc. of Mech. Eng. Trans. ; Amer. Inst. of Min. and Met. Eng.; Amer. Inst. of Architects (1857) ; Min. and Met. Soc. of Am.; Washington, Society of Naval Eng. FRANCE : Lyons, Soc. Acad. d' Arch. (183o), Annales (1867, etc.). Paris, Soc. des Ingenieurs Civils, Annuaire (1848, etc.) ; Soc. Cent. des Architectes, Bull. (1851, etc.) and Annales (1875, etc.) ; it has held a congress since 1875. Saint-Etienne, Soc. de l'Industrie Min. (1855), Bull. GER MANY and AUSTRIA-HUNGARY : Berlin, Ver. Deutscher Ingenieure, Ztschr. (1857) and Wochenschrift (1877, etc.) ; Ver. f . Eisen bahnkunde; Akad. des Bauwesens; Architekten-Ver., Ztschr. Bres lau, Ver. f. Ges. der Bild. Kiinste (1862) . Constance, Miinsterbau Ver. (1881). Dresden, Sachs. Ingen.- u. Architekten-Ver., Protok. Hanover, Arch.- u. Ingen. Ver., Ztschr. Klagenfurt, Berg- and Hiitten-Mannischer Ver. Leoben, K. k. Berg-Akad. Munich, Bayr.

Arch.- u. Ingen.-Ver., Ztschr. Prague, Arch.- and Ingen.-Ver. Vienna, Osterr. Ingen.- u. Arc/i. Ver., Ztschr.; Ges. f. Bild. Kunste. SWITZERLAND: Lausanne, Soc. Vaudoise des Ingen. et des Arch. Zurich, Ver. Schweiz. Ingen. u. Arch. ITALY : Turin, Soc. degli Ingeneri, Atti (1868-1870). BELGIUM : Brussels, Assoc. des Ingen. Liege, Assoc. des Ingen. (1847), Annuaire (1851, etc.). HOLLAND: Amsterdam, Maatschappij ter Bevordering der Bouw kunst, Bouwkundige Bijragen (1843, etc.) . The Hague, Kon, Inst. van Ingen., Verslag (1848, etc.), Verhandel (1848, etc.) and Tijdschr. (187o, etc.). SPAIN and PORTUGAL: Lisbon, Assoc. dos Engenheiros Civ. Port.; Soc. dos Architectos e Archeologos. Madrid, Soc. Central de Arquitectos.