ENGEL, ERNST German economist and statis tician, was born in Dresden on March 16, 1821. After the revolu tion of 1848 he was attached to the royal commission in Saxony appointed to determine the relations between trade and labour. He was one of the organizers (1850) of the German Industrial Exhibition of Leipzig (the first of its kind). From 1854 to 1858 he was head of the statistical department of Saxony, and from 186o to 1882 of the Prussian statistical department in Berlin. He died at Radebeul near Dresden on Dec. 8, 1896. Engel's statistical papers are mostly published in the periodicals which he himself established, viz. Preuss. Statistik (in 1861) ; Zeit schri f t des Statistischen Bureaus, and Zeitschri f t des Statistichen Bureaus des Konigreichs Sachsen. Among his separately pub lished works are some important studies on wages and the cost of living.