EULENBURG-HERTEFELD,PHILIP ZU, PRINCE AND COUNT (1847-1921), German diplomat, was born Feb. 12, 1847 in Konigsberg. He fought in the campaigns of 1866 and 187o-71 with the Gardes du Corps, and in the latter campaign won the iron cross for valour. But his heart was not in the fighting traditions of his family, and in 1877 he gladly abandoned the military for the diplomatic service. Appointed in 1881 third secretary at the German embassy in Paris, where he became the intimate friend of the later chancellor, Prince Billow, Eulenburg was transferred a year later to Munich. From 1888 he was minister to the grand ducal court at Oldenburg; then in 1890 was promoted to Stutt gart, but in the same year was sent to Munich. In 1893 the em peror offered him the choice of the ambassadorships at London, Paris or Vienna. Eulenburg chose the latter post, where he re mained until his resignation from the service in 1902 owing to continued ill-health. Afterwards he lived in retirement—broken only by his trial in 1908 on Charges of homo-sexuality—at his castle of Liebensberg until his death on Sept. 17, 1921.
For more than 30 years the intimate friend and trusted adviser of the emperor, William II., Eulenburg might well have aspired to the highest office in the State. Indeed, in the summer of 1899, he was openly spoken of as Hohenlohe's successor in the chancellor ship, but he lacked both the political ambition and physical strength that would have enabled him to grasp the prize. Instead, he was instrumental in securing it for his friend Prince Billow. Although his influence was not openly perceptible, Eulenburg during the first half of the Emperor William II.'s reign was one of the powers behind the throne in Germany. Alone among the Kaiser's immediate entourage, Eulenburg perceived the dangers of the "new course" along which that monarch was guiding Germany. And he alone had the courage to warn his imperial friend of the impending disaster. A wit and poet, a musician and architect, an able diplomat and brilliant causeur, Eulenburg was amongst the most interesting and most gifted personalities in the Germany of the late 90's and early years of the present century.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.-He wrote a volume of reminiscences, mainly of his Bibliography.-He wrote a volume of reminiscences, mainly of his early life and the Bismarck family, which was posthumously pub lished under the title of Aus So Jahren (1923) . His biography, in great part an attempted vindication of his moral character, was written by his friend and literary executor Prof. J. Haller under the title Aus dem Leben des Fiirsten Philipp zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld (1924) (Eng. trans. 1930) . (I. F. D. M.)