REFERENCES: Our general conception of the structure of Europe as a whole is due chiefly to Suess, Das Antlitz der Erde (Eng. ed., The Face of the Earth) and Marcel Bertrand, "Sur la distribution geographique des roches eruptives en Europe," Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 3, vol. xvi (1887-1888), pp. A readable summary, with out much previous knowledge of geology, will be found m The Growth of Europe by G. A. J. Cole. The Kleine geologische Karte von Europa, issued by the Prussia' Geological Survey, with its transparent covering sheet Tektonisches Bild von Europa will be found helpful. (P. LA.)